Trade-offs between growth and reproduction in wild Atlantic cod

نویسندگان

  • Arild Folkvord
  • Christian Jørgensen
  • Knut Korsbrekke
  • Richard D.M. Nash
  • Trygve Nilsen
  • Jon Egil Skjæraasen
چکیده

Animals partition and trade off their resources between competing needs such as growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Over a lifetime, allocation strategies should result in distinct trajectories for growth, survival, and reproduction, but such longitudinal individual data are difficult to reconstruct for wild animals and especially marine fish. We were able to reconstruct two of these trajectories in wild-caught Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) females: size-at-age was back-calculated from otolith growth increments, and recent spawning history was reconstructed from postovulatory follicles and present oocyte development. Our findings indicate distinct trade-offs between length growth and reproduction. Fish that sexually matured early had attained a larger size at age 3 than immatures, but onset of reproduction caused slower growth compared with immatures. We found that 6and 7-year-old females skipping spawning grew significantly more in the year of missed spawning than females spawning for the second consecutive year. The latter tentatively supports the hypothesis that skipped spawning may occur as an adaptive life-history strategy, given the potential future fecundity gain with increased size. Résumé : Les animaux répartissent leurs ressources entre différents besoins concurrents comme la croissance, le maintien et la reproduction. Sur une vie, différentes stratégies d’affection devraient se traduire par différentes trajectoires de croissance, de survie et de reproduction. Il est toutefois difficile de reconstituer ce genre de données longitudinales individuelles pour des animaux sauvages, particulièrement pour des poissons de mer. Nous avons pu reconstituer deux de ces trajectoires pour des morues (Gadus morhua) femelles du nord-est de l’Arctique; la taille selon l’âge a été retrocalculée à partir d’incréments de croissance d’otolites et l’historique de frai récent a été reconstitué à partir de follicules postovulatoires et du développement des oocytes présents. Nos constatations indiquent différentes répartitions de ressources entre la croissance de la longueur et la reproduction. Les poissons qui atteignent la maturité sexuelle plus tôt sont de taille plus grande à 3 ans que les poissons immatures, mais le début de la reproduction ralentit leur croissance par rapport à celle des individus immatures. Nous avons constaté que les femelles de 6 et 7 ans qui ne frayent pas une année croissent significativement plus durant cette année-là que les femelles qui frayent pour une deuxième année consécutive. Ces observations appuieraient l’hypothèse voulant que le fait de sauter une année de frai puisse constituer une stratégie d’adaptation étant donné la plus grande fécondité future que pourrait permettre une plus grande taille. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2014